On the basis of long-term researches (1968–2017) and the literature analysis specific and ecological structure of new bird species who have appeared on the lake Baikal in second half XX and the beginning of XXI centuries are considered. This season differs the well-marked warming of a climate corresponding to the terminal of a climatic cycle, at least, of century level (the heat-dry season). Earlier it has been shown that appearance of new species is bound to their eviction from the Central Asia as a result of very strong and long, and times and catastrophic, droughts and the subsequent general draining of its territory. The bird fauna of Baikal has increased by 84 species – at first to 405, and then to 413 species. High stability to climatic anomalies of specific complexes, characteristic for natura zones is obvious. Therefore, the basic part of new species is introduced by birds of passage. The greatest mobility and significant rearrangements of an abundance, specific and ecological structure are characteristic for birds in wetland ecosystems. The last is bound by that they master the intrazonal habitats meeting in all nature zones and high-rise mountain belts. For them very high dynamism of specific complexes, spatial structure and the areas, different is characteristic in the big dimensions. Evictions of primordially steppe species (an adjacent southern zone) are circumscribed - they are redistributed within initial areas with separate events of the flights to the north. It is impossible to recognise apparently, modern climate fluctuations global as they are poorly reflected in borders of nature zones.

Mel’nikov Yuriy Ivanovich, Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Head of Group of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Baikal Museum ISC SB RAS, 1, Akademicheskaya st., Listvyanka settl., Irkutsk Region, 664520, Russian Federation, tel.: (3952) 45–31–45, e-mail: yumel48@mail.ru

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