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«IZVESTIYA IRKUTSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA». SERIYA «BIOLOGIYA. ECOLOGIYA»
«THE BULLETIN OF IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY». SERIES «BIOLOGY. ECOLOGY»
ISSN 2073-3372 (Print)

List of issues > Series «Biology. Ecology». 2025. Vol 51

Monitoring of the State of Populations of Rare Endemic Plant Species in Pribaikalsky National Park (Irkutsk Region)

Author(s)

I. V. Kozyr1, O. D. Chernova2, T. N. Kataeva2, E. V. Enin3,4, L. A. Moldavskaya4 

1 Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory, Russian Federation 

2 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation 

3 Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation 

4 Zapovednoe Pribaikalye, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

Abstract
Pribaikalsky National Park (PNP) is a specially protected natural area of federal significance created to preserve the unique natural complex of Lake Baikal. On its territory, there are habitats of 86 rare and endangered plant species listed in the Red Book of Irkutsk Oblast, of which 16 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The abundance of endemic species (98 species) and relicts of different geological epochs makes PNP particularly unique. The objects of our study were cenopopulations (CPs) of three narrow-local endemics of Lake Baikal shores – 4 CPs of Craniospermum subvillosum Lehm., 3 CPs of Astragalus olchonensis Gontsch., and 2 CPs of Hedysarum zundukii Peschkova. Phytocenotic occurrence of rare species, spatial and demographic structure of their cenopopulations in different parts of their habitat were studied. The adaptation potential of the studied endemics of Lake Baikal under the conditions of increasing impact of anthropogenic factor was analyzed. The effectiveness of the measures taken to restore the abundance of these species was assessed, and recommendations for the conservation of their populations in natural growing conditions were prepared. The studies revealed that Craniospermum subvillosum and Astragalus olchonensis are in a very vulnerable position due to their narrow ecological occurrence (exclusively to the sandy areas of Lake Baikal) and high sensitivity to anthropogenic pressure. In the absence of mechanisms that effectively regulate the level of recreation, there is a sharp decline in the number and density of their cenopopulations in some parts of the habitat. The habitats of Hedysarum zundukii on the western coast of Lake Baikal are almost not subjected to anthropogenic pressure, thus the current status of this species is to a greater extent determined by natural factors which in some years may have a negative impact on the reproductive capacity of the species. In general, its cenopopulations are characterised by consistently high abundance, a significant proportion of which are flowering and fruiting species. Analysis of the effectiveness of measures taken to preserve and restore the populations of rare endemic species of Lake Baikal shows that fencing of some sites (even small areas) and blocking access to the beach for motor vehicles proved to be highly effective protection measures on the example of C. subvillosum; the process of restoration of the rare species' numbers on such protected sites is successful. The most realistic solution for the conservation of the A. olchonensis population on Olkhon Island is to grant the protected status to the sandy areas which are the classic habitat of the rare species, i.e. the Peschanka tract (in the Nyurgan Bay) and sandy sediments of the Ulan-Khushinsky Bay. If anthropogenic pressure on these areas remains high, the Olkhonsky astragalus population may be threatened with complete extinction. Using H. zundukii as an example, we can observe how the low accessibility of the territory and the absence (or an almost complete absence) of anthropogenic influence are crucial for the stable existence of a rare species in nature. Even with low seed production and slow regeneration, it remains stable in undisturbed natural communities.
About the Authors

Kozyr Irina Valentinovna, Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Senior Research Scientist Sirius University of Science and Technology 1, Olympic ave., Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar Region, 354340, Russian Federation, e-mail: ivkozur@mail.ru

Chernova Olga Dmitrievna, Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Senior Research Scientist Siberian Botanical Garden by National Research Tomsk State University 34/1, Lenin st., Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, e-mail: chernovaolg@rambler.ru

Kataeva Tatyana Nikolaevna, Engineer Siberian Botanical Garden by National Research Tomsk State University 34/1, Lenin st., Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, e-mail: gentianka@mail.ru

Enin Eduard Vladimirovich, Postgraduate Irkutsk State University 1, K. Marx st., Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation Research Scientist Zapovednoe Pribaikalye 291B, Baikalskaya st., Irkutsk, 664050, Russian Federation, e-mail: edward_lp@icloud.com

Moldavskaya Lubov Anatolyevna, Research Scientist Zapovednoe Pribaikalye 291B, Baikalskaya st., Irkutsk, 664050, Russian Federation e-mail: moldavskaya82@list.ru

For citation
Kozyr I.V., Chernova O.D., Kataeva T.N., Enin E.V., Moldavskaya L.A. Monitoring of the State of Populations of Rare Endemic Plant Species in Pribaikalsky National Park (Irkutsk Region). The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology, 2025, vol. 51, pp. 16-34. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2025.51.16 (in Russian)
Keywords
rare plants, Baikal endemics, cenopopulations, phytocenosis, age structure, conservation, Pribaikalsky National Park.
UDC
58:[574.3+(1-751.2)]
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2025.51.16
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