Three-year dynamics of complex of silicate bacteria number and specific type of Bacillus Mucilaginosus in sod-podsolic sandy loamy soil under influence of diatomite of the Inzensky field in interdependence from contents in her mobile compounds of silicon is studied. Researches were conducted in soil and climatic conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod Region in form of microfield experiment, put for three years (2015-2017). For assessment of condition of litothrophic part of microbic pool of soil used to cup method of Koch and standard mineral nutrient mediums – Alexandrov-Zak agar for determination of total quantity of silicate microorganisms, selective medium of Nyanikova-Vinogradov for determination of Bacillus mucilaginosus. Content in soil of silicon mobile compounds was determined by a spectrophotometer method. Essential activization of representatives of both groups of silicate-destruction microorganisms (more than by 3 times) owing to introduction of the maximum dose of breed (12 t/hectare) is revealed that led to increase in contents in soil of mobile compounds of silicon (more than by 5 times in a water-soluble form and more than by 3 times in an acid soluble form). Against the background of average dose application of diatomite (6 t/ha) amount of actual and potential fraction of mobile silicon exceeded to control by years of research: by 20 and 310 mg/kg in the first year, by 67 and 418 mg/kg in the second year and by 81 and 436 mg/kg in the third year. This effect is due to gradual annual increase in mineralization of rock matter and the release of monosilicic acid anions into soil solution. General content of active silicon in soil increased almost by 4 times in relation to control. Existence of almost direct dependence between quantity in soil of silicate bacteria both groups and contents in her mobile compounds of silicon at introduction of high doses of diatomite is shown. Results of studying allow to regard diatomite breed as biodegradable natural material, is prolonged making active litothrophic part of soil and biotic complex with simultaneous optimization of soil mineral matrix amorphous compounds of silicon dioxide. Presented changes, which have happened in soil, obviously, have been caused by existence in diatomite of significant amount of active compounds of silicon, mobile leaving in soil solution his amorphous biodegradable microstructures. Assessment of silicon state of soil-plant system should include determination of content of its mobile and plant-accessible forms; as an additional criterion, it is recommended to use change in number of different groups of silicate-reducing litothrophic microorganisms.

Kozlov Andrey Vladimirovich, Candidate of Science (Biology), Associate Professor, Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, 1, Ulyanova st., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation, e-mail: a_v_kozlov@mail.ru 

Kulikova Alevtina Hristoforovna, Doctor of Science (Agriculture), Professor, Stolypin Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University, 1, Noviy Venets b-d, Ulyanovsk, 432017, Russian Federation, e-mail: agroec@yandex.ru 

Uromova Irina Pavlovna, Doctor of Science (Agriculture), Associate Professor, Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, 1, Ulyanova st., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation, e-mail: uromova2012@yandex.ru

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