Aphyllophoroid fungi of Baikal Siberia are a rather poorly studied group of basidiomycetes, despite the large species composition and wide distribution of their representatives. They are of great environmental importance and play one of the main role in the processes of detritus utilization, including wood and forest litter. This group is represented mainly by wood-decay fungi. Knowledge of the geographical and habitat distribution of species is crucial for many environmental and economic issues, and also underlies effective decision-making on biodiversity conservation at global and regional levels. The Baikal-Lensky State Nature Reserve has the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, all landscapes of the northern Baikal region are represented on its territory, they are weakly affected by anthropogenic activities. The reserve is not only a territory for the preservation of unique landscape complexes and plant communities, animals and plants, but also fungal diversity, especially rare species of fungi. The study area is not currently subject to desertification processes, since it is located outside the semi-arid and sub-humid zones of Asia. But forest fires that are becoming more frequent over the years, shallowing of rivers and leaching of soil cover already lead to the transformation of Transbaikalia ecosystems in the territory of the neighboring Republic of Buryatia. A change in the natural environment can affect the distribution of rare species of fungi and lead to their extinction at the regional level. The desertification area in the Baikal region is the northern edge of the sub-latitudinal desertification zone of Eurasia. Here, steppe and forest-steppe landscapes of intermontane basins and low mountains, as well as dry pine forests on the Pleistocene lake-alluvial and alluvial sands, are subject to desertification, where as a result of anthropogenic activity, massifs of mobile sands are formed after deforestation and fires and water erosion is activated. Moreover, fungal species, confined to sand massifs in their distribution, can be used as indicators of changes in the environment and ecosystem transformation as a result of climate aridization and desertification processes. Data on new records and the distribution of such species can be used to study the effect of desertification on the nature of ranges of basidiomycetes and the construction of geospatial models, as well as the predicted contours of the ranges of species. For the territory of the Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve, about 80 species of aphyllophoroid fungi were previously known, including the rare species Polyporus choseniae and Spongipellis sibirica, which are probably of relict nature. For the first time, we have given the location of five species of aphyllophoroid fungi in the Olkhon district of the Irkutsk Region, including Aurantiporus fissilis, Bjerkandera fumosa, Haploporus odorus, Polyporus squamosus, Thelephora caryophyllea. The species Aurantiporus fissilis was first identified for the Irkutsk Region, the Baikal region and Eastern Siberia. The species Thelephora caryophyllea was first indicated for the Irkutsk Region and the Baikal region. The substrate spectrum and connection to the narrow spectrum of habitats of the rare species Aurantiporus fissilis, first identified in the region, indicate its relict character. The presence of this species in the territory of protected areas contributes to its conservation in nature. Thelephoroid fungus of Thelephora caryophyllea, growing on ground, confined in its distribution to sand massifs, can be used as an indicator of changes in the environment and ecosystem transformation due to aridization of the climate and desertification processes.

Vlasenko Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, Candidate of Science (Biology), Senior Research Scientist, Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, 101, Zolotodolinskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation, e-mail: vlasenkomyces@mail.ru 

Turmunkh Dejidmaa, Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Senior Research Scientist, Plant Protection Research Institute of Mongolia, 11, Khoroo st., Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia, e-mail: chag_dejidmaa@yahoo.com 

Budsuren Dondov, Dotor of Sciences (Biology), Head of Laboratory, Plant Protection Research Institute of Mongolia, 11, Khoroo st., Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia, e-mail: dogiibud@yahoo.com 

Nanagulyan Siranush Gerasim, Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Professor, Head of Department, Yerevan State University, 1, Alek Manoogian st., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia, e-mail: snanagulyan@ysu.am 

Mustafaev Ilyor Muradullaevich, Candidate of Science (Biology), Senior Research Scientist, Institute of Botany of Uzbekistan AS, 32, Durmon yoli st., Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan, e-mail: elyor-mustafaev@inbox.ru

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