The purpose of the present research was the estimation of a degree of influence of water-soluble components of oil on HSP synthesis from the HSP70 family at the species witch are typical representative in the Baikal Siberia, with use of a method a western-blotting. As objects of research have been chosen fresh-water amphipods (Amphipoda, Crustacea): palearctic Gammarus lacustris Sars, and the endemic of Lake Baikal Eulimnogammarus
verrucosus (Gerstf), and also gastropods (Gastropoda, Mollusca): palearctic species Limnea auricularia (Lin) and Baikal endemic Maakia herderiana (Lind). It is shown, that water-soluble fractions of oil render essential influence on maintenance of HSP70 at the investigated organisms. Thus in amphipods decrease, and in molluscs increase in a level of maintenance of HSP70 is noted.