Application of mineral fertilizer in field stories in crops of soybeans on agro-dark-humus soils of Primorye has an ambiguous effect on humus generation. Negative changes in soil organic matter transformation occurred in the version with the use of double doses of mineral fertilizers. This is reflected in the indicators of humus state and the intensity of the stages of tumors and polymerization of humus acids. In the humus content of fulvic acids increased and humus type changed from humate-fulvate (control) at fulvate. The differences in optical performance of soils and their components (humic acids) were established. With a reduction in the humus content increased soil reflectance. The optical indicators for measuring changes of ecological condition of agro-dark-humus soils and their level of fertility were proposed.